id: 32848
Title: Agro-ecological and toxico-ecological indicators of corn and sunflower agro-ecosystems on sloping lands
Authors: Verhelis V., Mazur O.
Keywords: land resources, agrochemical indicators, soil fertility, degradation, erosion, degree of erosion, slope, grain, seed, white, nitrates, slopes, growing
Date of publication: 2023-04-14 19:29:48
Last changes: 2023-04-14 19:29:48
Year of publication: 2023
Summary: On weakly washed ashed black soil of heavy loams, the humus content decreases by 12.9%, compared to unwashed soils. Weakly washed ashed black soil had a content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen by 13.3% less than unwashed ones. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus in poorly washed soils decreased by 51.1%. The content of mobile potassium on the unwashed heavy loam was 34.9% higher than on the slightly washed soil. Observation of medium-washed ashed heavy loam black soil showed that the humus content decreased by 8.8%, compared to lightly washed. The content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen decreased by 14.3%. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus increased by 15.3%. The content of mobile forms of potassium increased by 42.9%. Hydrolytic acidity of slightly washed soil increased by 4.9%. The reaction of the soil solution is 1.8%. The amount of absorbed bases increased by 11.4%. Medium-washed heavy loamy black soil had 11.3% higher hydrolytic acidity than lightly washed black soil. The reaction of the soil solution was 1.7% lower. The amount of absorbed bases was the same. Changes in the indicators of the agrochemical composition of ashed heavy loam black soil on unwashed and slightly washed lands showed that weak soil washing leads to a decrease in the content of humus, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, an increase in the value of hydrolytic acidity, the amount of absorbed bases, and optimization of the pH reaction of the soil solution. The largest decrease in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus was revealed - by 51.1%, and the smallest and almost identical decrease in the content of humus and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - by 12.9-13.3%. Among the indicators of acidity of the slightly washed black soil, the amount of absorbed bases increased by 11.4%, compared to the unwashed one, and the least - the reaction of the pH of the soil solution - by 1.8%. From an agro-ecological point of view, weak soil leaching leads to the deterioration of such indicators of soil fertility as a decrease in the content of humus, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and an increase in the hydrolytic acidity of the soil. At the same time, the indicators of the reaction of the soil pH saline solution improve in the neutral direction, and the amount of absorbed bases increases. A similar dependence is observed when comparing the agrochemical parameters of weakly and moderately washed ashed black soil heavy loam. In particular, a decrease in the content of humus, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, a decrease in the reaction value of the soil solution pH, and an increase in hydrolytic acidity, which are negative factors, were revealed. The largest negative manifestation was observed in the decrease in the value of the hydrolytic acidity of the medium-washed soil - by 14.3%, and the smallest - in the value of the reaction of the soil solution pH - by 1.7%. At the same time, the increase in the degree of soil erosion from weakly washed to moderately washed caused an increase in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and especially potassium in medium-washed ashed black soil in heavy loam, the content of which increased by 42.9 %. A comparison of the changes in the agrochemical state of ashed black soil heavy loam lightly washed with medium washed showed that the humus content decreases more intensively in lightly washed soil, compared to medium washed, by 4.1%; the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen decreased more intensively in moderately washed soil, compared to lightly washed soil, by 1%. Hydrolytic acidity increased by 6.4% more intensively on moderately washed soil, compared to slightly washed soil. In Ukraine, about a third of all arable land is exposed to water erosion. The reasons for the development of erosion processes are the plowing of sloping lands with a steepness of more than 3°, the cultivation of row crops on them, mainly corn and sunflower, and intensive tillage with overturning of the soil.When agricultural crops are grown on such lands, their productivity is significantly reduced, but the question of changes in the indicators of nutrition and ecological safety of the products obtained on power lands has not been investigated. Research was carried out by establishing field experiments on sloping lands with the spread of weakly and moderately washed erosion processes and growing corn and sunflower on them. Laboratory studies were carried out in the certified Scientific and Measuring Agrochemical Laboratory of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The change in the content of protein and nitrates in plant products was determined depending on the slope. When corn and sunflower are grown on sloping lands, the highest content of protein and nitrates is observed in their products from the lower part of the slope. The lowest protein content in sunflower seeds was found in the middle part of the slope, which was 4.0% less than in the bottom part of the slope. The lowest corn grain protein content was observed in the upper part of the slope, which was 0.3% less than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest nitrate content in corn grain was found in the upper part of the slope, which was 21.0% less than in the lower part of the slope. The lowest nitrate content in sunflower seeds was found in the middle part of the slope and was 20.0% lower than at the bottom of the slope.
URI: http://socrates.vsau.org/repository/getfile.php/32848.pdf
Publication type: Монографії видані за кордоном
Publication: Agro-ecological potential of soil cover of Vinnytsia region: Scientific monograph. Riga, Latvia: “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. P. 27-46. https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-290-6-2
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